WATER

Worm Adverse Toxicity by Enviromental Routes (WATER) is a research project within SWIRL started in 2023 following reports by pharmaceutical companies such as AstraZeneca and Pzifer which highlighted the potential impact of pharmaceuticals in the enviornment (PiEs). 

The project is a collaborative project focusing on the pharmacological and ecological impact of human use of pharmaceuticals. The current findings from this study to date are available from our 2025 publication, in Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, entitled "The behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses of Lumbriculus variegatus exposed to cannabidiol and its metabolites".